Chinese Input Method: QIM

Apple’s Macintosh operating system and the Chinese language have a long history. Many years ago, when I was an undergraduate college student, well before the advent of Mac OS X and the rise of Unicode, I was already happily inputing Chinese on my Mac and delighted in amazing my friends with the Apple Chinese voice recognition software I had gotten soon after its release in 1996. Meanwhile, PC users I knew across campus and the world were drowning in the technical challenges of mysterious programs such as Twinbridge and its earlier and more obscure competitors. I know from my own experience as a former tech support geek at Columbia University that the legacies of these issues continue to haunt Chinese language departments around the US.

With Windows XP, however, Microsoft finally started getting their act together and created a typically clunky but still relatively easy method (with about a dozen clicks + the use of your OS cd) for adding Chinese input to a non-Chinese OS. Since then I have felt that the Mac Chinese input options lagged behind, especially in the convenience of inputting traditional characters (繁體/繁体). The “Hanin” input method was something of an improvement, but with tens of millions of customers in China using pirated copies of Windows XP and only a handful using the more expensive Macintosh solutions for their computing, it is not surprising that Apple has lost its innovation edge in the area of Chinese input.

Well, I have apparently been somewhat out of the loop since mid-2006. Today I took a few minutes to skim through a year or two of the postings on the Google Group “Chinese Mac.” Thanks to this I was able to learn about a fantastic new piece of software for the Mac:

QIM Input Method ($20)

You can read a bit more about the software on the internet’s premier resource for (English language) information about inputting Chinese on the Mac.

I would recommend anyone who inputs Chinese frequently on the Mac to try out QIM, which is fantastic. I dished out the $20 within 10 minutes of confirming that the software works in all the basic work applications I frequently use Chinese in (Omnioutliner, Microsoft Word, Wenlin, Apple Mail, iFlash). QIM produces characters in real time as you type, has amazing shortcut options, and optionally defaults all output to traditional characters.

Today’s Code-Switch Spotting

Today at a rice porridge restaurant near my apartment Sayaka and I overheard some interesting code-switching going on at the table next to us. A woman was struggling to feed her three children, two of which were being less than cooperative. Sometimes she would speak full sentences in Chinese, but with an accent that at first made me think she was a non-native speaker. I later concluded she was just speaking a dialect close enough to standard Mandarin for us to understand but not of the variety I was most familiar with. She seemed to slur her words in an interesting way and pronounced some syllables differently.

As the meal progressed she began code-switching with her children. One child was significantly older than the others and the mother seemed to speak to her mostly in Korean. However, a number of things such as her pronunciation and the occasional and almost random use of honorifics when speaking to her children indicated that she was less than native in Korean. With her two younger children she freely mixed Chinese and Korean, sometimes speaking several sentences in a row in Korean, then switching to Chinese, especially when barking frustrated commands to her restless children (why didn’t the father join them for their Sunday lunch? She sure could have used the help with the kids). She also freely mixed both languages in the same sentence, such as when she tried to convince her youngest that the spoonful of smoking rice porridge headed for his mouth was not hot, “不热了,먹어요, 不热了,먹어!” The youngest child always responded in Chinese, but perhaps due to his young age struggled with some of the initial consonants, turning Chinese initial consonants like c-, zh-, ch-, q- into t-, d-, t-, t-, respectfully, in a most adorable manner.

One possible background story for this family is that the mother is married to a Korean husband, learning Korean after coming here and starting a family with her new husband. Their marriage would be one of the many “invisible” international marriages in a country which has a fast growing number of Korean males marrying foreigners, especially Chinese and Vietnamese women. As I have mentioned in early postings, given my own background, I feel an intense feeling of identification with these children, no matter what their own unique mix of languages and identities might be. I hope the kids I saw today will be able to keep their Chinese as they grow up in Korea and that the social and educational environment for my young fellow hybrids will allow them to develop to their full potential.

霍: Huò or Hwak? Sharpening knives in the story of Mulan

The most fun lessons so far this semester in my first year classical chinese class were reading the classic tale of the giant snake killing Li Ji(李寄, and her faithful sidekick, a snake-killing dog) and the original ballad of the female warrior Mulan(木蘭) (two versions here and here). Both brave and filial young daughters from Fujian and somewhere along the Yellow river in northern China, respectively. One is out to save her town from the evil miasma of the demonic snake, while the other is trying to save old pappy from conscription.

In one line of the latter story (小弟聞姊來,磨刀霍霍向豬羊) there is a nice little description of the sharpening of knives. In our glossary, 霍 has the following interesting note attached:

“[Onomatopoetic for sharpening of knife]. In ancient Chinese, this word would have ended in a glottal stop, producing something closer to “hwak” – much more appropriate than the modern Mandarin pronunciation.”

Asian History Carnival 2

Welcome to the 2nd bi-monthly Asian History Carnival. Thanks to those who offered submissions to the carnival. I think we have an excellent spread of region and time period but my choices reflect the range of submissions I received for inclusion and the limits of my own online reading. Remember, if you feel your region was neglected or that excellent postings went unmentioned, consider nominating them for the next carnival, to be held February 2nd, 2006. If you are interested in hosting the next asian history carnival, please contact me at konrad [at] lawson.net. We will post information on the next hosting at the carnival’s homepage as soon as we have a host.

And now for the postings:
Continue reading Asian History Carnival 2

NHK Documentary on Fenghuang

I should be watching Korean dramas and such on TV here in Seoul to improve my horrible listening skills, but tonight I ended up seeking the familiar comfort of the Japanese public television channel NHK, which for some reason I can get here in my dormitory. Tonight they were showing a documentary on Fenghuang (凤凰) in Hunan province.

Most travel documentaries that I watched on Japanese channels in the past consist of the TV host introducing the audience to the delicacies of some particular location, places to stay, and then the famous tourist attractions of the area (roughly in that order). Most of the time seems to go to watching people eat and then search desperately for some new way to elegantly describe how much they loved the food.

While choosing a location that is popular with tourists, this NHK documentary was nothing of the sort. The series, called 世界ふれあい街歩き uses the interest format of simply following a smoothly moving camera throughout the city. What impressed me most was the fact that it spent most of its time on the back streets and went out of its way to give the audience a feel for various aspects of the daily life of its inhabitants. I found the whole program to be an extremely effective format for generating a feeling of presence for the viewer.

Although I don’t know how orchestrated the interaction with the Chinese locals in the documentary is, it successfully creates an extremely casual feel. As the camera moves through the maze of back alleys (just watching this almost brought forth tears of nostalgia for my time spent in China) a Japanese woman’s voice provides a running commentary of the “thoughts” and voice of the person we are supposed to be in this documentary. Whenever we come upon something interesting, the camera stops and we have a conversation with whoever is in view of the camera that might provide some answers. It can be anything as simple as noting the fact that socks are being dried in the hundreds on the windows in a high school dormitory, to looking out a shop window and seeing a woman lower a mop into the river to wash it while other women at the water’s edge below are using the same river water to wash clothes and vegetables. At another point we stop and chat with a woman washing clothes outside her house and talk to a tile maker about the particular kind of tiles made for the roof.

There were two or three “Information” breaks during which some local expert talks about something we just watched (the tile maker talked about roofs, another old man talked about the houses leaning out over the river) The only overtly touristy thing I saw during the program was an attempt to find the southern gate of the town but we instead find nothing but a pile of rubble. Wondering what happened to the gate “We” ask an old woman, but she just says, “It was taken apart.” Unsatisfied, “we” enter a nearby noodle shop and ask another couple about the gate. While the woman buries her head in a bowl of noodles, the old man there explains that the gate was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.

At one point we get lost in the back alleys as we continually come to signs saying “no way through this way.” This eventually leads us to some kind of housing for students and the camera takes us up to their room where we ask (and get) and answer to the mystery of the aforementioned socks. In another scene, we pass an old man watching something out his window. We discover he is looking at the flowers in his garden, and are promptly given a tour of his little cultivated plot across from his house along a hill. In yet another scene, we come upon an old couple playing a chess-like game (I can’t remember what it is called but it is the one which is shaped something like a web, and you can put black and white pieces on top of each other…). The board is simply painted on cardboard and the pieces are made out of broken tile (black) and onions (white). When the old man loses, he trades the onion pieces for carrots and later tomatoes but the delighted old woman continues to beat him.

If you have access to NHK, I highly recommend the documentary, even if there are some idle moments as the camera wanders through occasionally empty streets (this only adds to the participatory feel for the viewer). You can find its schedule (and locations) for future episodes here.

Frog in a Well – China Blog Launch

The new academic group blog at Frog in a Well, 井底之蛙 launches today. It will primarily focus on the study of Chinese history. Postings will be in English, Chinese, or a mixture of both. We have over half a dozen contributors, all graduate students and professors studying China, and I hope that this new academic group blog will take off and produce some high quality postings soon. Keep an eye on it in the next few days as our starting lineup introduce themselves.

Japan Survey on China

According to a survey reported in the Asahi today including some 808 responses, some 71% respondents “can’t understand” China’s demand that Japan face the question of its historical conciousness of the war. On the other hand, 48% reported that they believed Japanese prime ministers should stop visiting the controversial Yasukuni shrine (36% say he should continue), which is a 9% increase over last November. About 51% of respondents believed that China’s own history education system was a “large influence” on China’s anti-Japanese sentiment.

In a separate brilliantly stupid move, Koizumi cited Confucius in defence of his Yasukuni shrine visits which include the Class-A war criminals, “Condemn the offense, but pity the offender.”

Yomiuri and Asahi Editorials

Sayaka has some good commentary about some of the editorials in Yomiuri. Here are a few lines from recent editorials from Yomiuri and Asahi to give you a sense of their flavor. I have just skimmed them all so if I missed any important statements in them, feel free to email me.

I am not doing full translations of this so it is better to read the Japanese if you can, but for everyone’s benefit I quickly made some half-translations that often change the original wording and skips some material:

April 14th

日本の動きを牽制(けんせい)するための政治カードとして、歴史問題と反日デモを利用していることは明らかだ。…これは明白な国際法違反だ。「外交関係に関するウィーン条約」22条では、侵入や損壊からの大使館の保護、大使館の「安寧の妨害」や「威厳の侵害」の防止に、その国は「適切なすべての措置を執る特別の責務」を負う。

English Summary (not full translation): It is clear that the Chinese are using the history problem and protests as a “history card” to constrain Japan… [the attack on the consulate] is a violation of international law.

April 17th

中国政府は「デモは、歴史問題での日本の誤った態度に不満を持つ市民の自発的な行動だ。責任は中国側にない」との主張を繰り返している。こうした無責任な態度が、デモの暴徒化を助長している。…江沢民前政権以降、中国政府は徹底した愛国「反日」教育を行ってきた。いわば自業自得ではないか。町村外相は17日に訪中し、日中外相会談を行う。外相は、謝罪と補償を改めて迫るだけでなく、反日感情の政治利用ともとれる中国政府の姿勢を直接ただし、是正を求めるべきだ。

Summary: The Chinese claim the protests are a spontaneous reaction to Japan’s attitude to the history question and isn’t their fault. This is an irresponsible attitude and only contributing to the protests. China has supported nationalist policies in China since Jiang Zemin’s regime. Isn’t this a case of “you reap what you sow?” Not only should Japan ask for and apology and compensation but we should confront China about its political use of anti-Japanese sentiment.

April 18th

李肇星外相から、謝罪はなく、「歴史問題が中国人民の感情を傷つけている」と、事実上、デモを容認した。… 「歴史」認識の問題について、中国側は小泉首相の靖国神社参拝、歴史教科書などを問題視した。だが、いずれも、日本の内政問題である。…日本の歴史教科書は、中国のような国定教科書ではない。一党独裁の全体主義国家のように、歴史観、思想・信条の統一や、検閲はできない。…考えるべきは、歴史的事実としては疑問のある内容も多い「反日」愛国教育の問題ではないか。

Summary: The Chinese haven’t apologized but have essentially consented to the protests. They complain about Yasukuni and the textbook incident but in both cases this is a domestic issue. Japan’s textbooks are not government issued textbooks like China’s. We can’t censor them in the way a totalitarian dictatorship does. Shouldn’t we be focusing our attention on the anti-Japanese nationalist education in China with its historically dubious content?

Compare them to some selections from the Asahi (on average longer) editorials related to the protests:

April 12th

アジア、とりわけ中国との関係は、日本の外交にとって最重要の柱のひとつとなってきた。侵略戦争の過去をどう清算するかというだけではない。体制の違いを超えて隣の大国と安定した関係を築くことは、将来の日本の安全と繁栄のために欠かせないという判断があったからにほかならない。…90年代に強調された愛国教育が、若者たちの心に反日意識を植えつけた面も否めない。そうした点は、中国にも十分考えてもらわなければならない。わけても暴力の取り締まりについて、中国に強く注文をつけるのは当然である。 しかし、日本政府はそうした中国の問題点を見据えたうえで、効果的な外交をしてきただろうか。残念ながら逆だったと言わざるを得ない。その根底にあるのが小泉首相の靖国神社参拝だ。首相は「戦没者に追悼の誠をささげ、不戦を誓う」と説明する。だが、中国侵略の責めを負うA級戦犯を合祀(ごうし)した靖国神社である。参拝をやめてほしい、という中国側のたび重なる要請を聞き入れず、なお参拝に意欲を見せるという姿勢が、どれほど中国の人々の気持ちを逆なでし、「過去を反省しない日本」という印象を広げてきたか。…首相はことあるごとに「世界の中の日米同盟」を強調する。だが、アジアでの足元が定まらないままでは、結局、米国の力にすがるだけの国になってしまいかねない。

Summary: Japan’s foreign relations with China and Asia are very important. It isn’t just about dealing with the aggressive war of the past. Creating a stable relationship with our strong neighbors is important to the stability and prosperity of Japan. We can’t deny that the nationalistic education has increased the anti-Japanese sentiment amongst the young and we need to get China to realize this. Of course we need to complain to the Chinese about the violence but has the Japanese government really done effective diplomacy for dealing with this? No, on the contrary, we have things like Koizumi’s trips to Yasukuni. It is the same Yasukuni which has A-Level war criminal enshrined in it and we continually ignore the wishes of China and thus spread the idea that we are a Japan which doesn’t regret its past. The prime minister has emphasizeded a “US-Japan alliance situated in [the global environment] but as long as we don’t take care of our relations with Asia, we are ultimately forced to be a nation that clings to America.

April 13th

中国の報道 事実を伝えてほしい …われわれはデモの激しさに驚き、投石を制止しなかった当局の姿勢に怒りを感じている。日本政府の抗議に対し、非を認めようとしない中国外務省の態度には失望している。 同時に日本のメディアは、なぜこんなことが起きたのかをさまざまに分析し、歴史問題に対する真剣な対応を小泉首相に求めたりもしている。 ところが、当局によって報道が統制される中国の多くの人々には、それも知らされない。知っているのは、事件の直前まで中国のメディアが繰り返し報じた大量の日本批判だけではないか。…愛国教育などによって、多くの中国人は侵略当時の日本軍の写真や映像を繰り返し見ている。その半面、武力による紛争解決を禁じた憲法を持ち、核兵器は持たず、戦争に加わることのなかった日本の戦後史はほとんど知らされていない。靖国神社や一部の歴史教科書の問題ばかりが強調される現代日本への認識には、相当な偏りがあるのではないか。…今回の事件とともに、日本社会の多様性をありのままに知ってほしい。このメッセージが中国の多くの人々に届くよう願うばかりだ。

Summary: We want the Chinese Media to tell the truth. We are surprised at the aggresive nature of the protests and the rock throwing….the Japanese media has analyzed its causes and urged Koizumi to address the history problem. However, most of the Chinese people are simply unaware of our efforts. All they hear is the Chinese media’s repeated criticism of Japan…Because of their nationalist education most Chinese know see plenty of pictures of the Japanese military from the period of the war of aggression. And yet, they know nothing of the Japan in the postwar period which has adopted a peace constitution, abandoned violence, and which has no nuclear weapons. Isn’t it true that China’s perception of Japan is overly biased towards consideration of the Yasukuni and history textbooks issue? We want China to give its people the message that Japan is in fact a very diverse society.

April 16th

日中会談 まず投石事件に決着を…厳しいやりとりは避けられそうにないが、まず中国側が投石事件への責任を明確に認めることが会談を進める前提になる。一国の大使館が夕刻から深夜まで被害にさらされていながら、警官隊は制止しなかった。それにもかかわらず、中国外務省が「責任は中国側にない」としていることに日本国民は憤っている。…日中間において歴史問題が重要であることは私たちも訴えてきた。だが、たとえ反日デモの背景に歴史問題があったとしても、大使館が被害にあうのを黙認した責任は免れない。

Summary: We must engage in negotiations on the premise that China takes responsibility for the rock throwing incident….The police did not stop them. Not only that but the Chinese government claims they have no responsibility to take in this issue and have further angered the Japanese people. We have also admitted that the history problem is important for the Japanese to consider but even if that is the cause of the protests, they must accept responsibility for the damage to the consulate.

April 18th (This link will not be right after tomorrow)

 日中会談 「愛国無罪」の危うさ…中国側は、反日デモが度重なる破壊行為に及び、日本人のけが人さえ出ていることを軽く考えすぎていないか。…一連のデモで、参加者たちは「愛国無罪」と叫んでいる。愛国主義の行動に罪はない、という意味だ。そう叫べば、政府が手を緩めることをデモ参加者たちは知っている。共産党や政府自身が「愛国」を宣伝してきたからだ。

Summary: The danger of “Patriotism is Innocent”…Hasn’t the Chinese side taken the damage and injury to the Japanese too lightly? The protesters all yell that “Patriotism is innocent” Actions taken in the name of the nation are not crimes. The protesters know that if the cry this out the government will loosen its grip. This is because the Communist party and the government have themselves made the cry for “Patriotism”

It is obvious to see Asahi’s efforts to maintain a balance and some sympathy with China’s calls for Japan to confront its history better. But I also detect and increasing frustration in their editorials and articles as they turn their focus increasingly to the China side.

The Textbook Feedback Loop and Masochistic History

A number of people have noticed (see for example the translation in an article over at EastSouthWestNorth) that the new edition of the controversial textbook is not the biggest concern. Other textbooks approved this year may be dropping some of their coverage of wartime atrocities. As countless commentators have pointed out (but few news articles do), the controversial “new” textbook’s first edition was adopted by almost no one. And yet, it sold hundreds of thousands of copies in bookstores all over Japan.
Continue reading The Textbook Feedback Loop and Masochistic History

Japan’s Apologies to China

In this post I have assembled together as many unique statements including apologies or statements of regret towards China. Please read the introduction to my post on Japan’s apologies to Korea which applies equally here. Briefly, my position is that I think the apology issue is the wrong issue for those concerned with historical revisionism in Japan to spend their energy on. Not only do I think Japan has already apologized, but I believe such national apologies have little or no worth and aren’t worth the hot air they generate. In fact, neither do they satisfy the Asian countries they are directed towards (if and when they ever find out about the statements) but they increasingly inflame otherwise sympathetic Japanese who feel they are forced to engage in constant self-flagellation. This distracts them from the more important historiographical issues at stake on all sides. On the other hand, it is also highly inaccurate to portray the “apology diplomacy” of Japan as a story of repeatedly issuing unambiguous statements of admitted guilt and apology. These statements vary greatly, and were often issued with great reluctance and in the face of opposition from conservative politicians who etertain the most revisionist historical positions.

Note: There is overlap between this and my last posting, simply because some statements referred to all of Asia or at least to both Korea and China.

Let us begin:
Continue reading Japan’s Apologies to China